WHAT IS IT? LUMBAR FACET JOINT
A facet joint is also referred to as an apophyseal joint or a zygopophyseal joint.
There is a facet joint either side of each vertebral level of the spine. It locks one level of the spine to the level above.
A facet joint is surrounded by a joint capsule, and there is cartilage within the joint. The joint can be sprained, locked, stiff, or degenerative.
Signs & Symptoms
Pain and stiffness on one side of the lumbar spine
Aggravated particularly on extension
Reduced range of movement (in one direction)
What Causes It?
Poor posture
Incorrect loading biomechanics
Muscle imbalance
Work or sport which is involves repetitive loading or prolonged postures
Associated disc pathology
How to Self Manage
R.I.C.E. protocol
After 48 hours and with chronic cases, heat is useful to reduce pain and spasm
Return to pain free normal daily activities and movements when possible
Prognosis
If conservative management is unsuccessful then pain reduction may be achieved with a corticosteroid or anaesthetic injection.
How Physio Helps
Assessment to identify why a facet joint is being loaded and is locking
Joint mobilisation
Joint manipulation
Prescription of exercises to mobilise and unlock the facet joint
Massage to release tight surrounding muscles
Electrotherapy
Acupuncture
Core stability exercises including Pilates